Extinguishing Ownership by Monopsony: The Unconstitutional Displacement of Ghana’s Cocoa Farmers’ Property Rights

Forcing farmers to sell to a single buyer (COCOBOD or LBCs) on the pain of criminal sanctions, at a below-market price unilaterally set by COCOBOD, violates Article 20. Although the government does not physically seize cocoa without payment, the practical effect of the Act is that farmers’ hard-earned...